[Note: I will be expanding the content here.]
==================================================
CONTENTS
;LINKS (DOCUMENTATION)
;LINKS (CASE SENSITIVE/CASE INSENSITIVE ARRAYS)
;LINKS (FURTHER)
;FUNCTIONS/COMMANDS
;FUNCTIONS/COMMANDS (MORE)
;FUNCTIONS/COMMANDS (NOTES)
;INTERFACES
;COM.AHK
[to come]
;AHK FILE OBJECT
;AHK OBJECTS/ARRAYS/CUSTOM CLASSES
;SCRIPTING.DICTIONARY OBJECT
;IMAGES (WIA)
[to come][will have separate page]
;EXPLORER / EXPLORER WINDOWS
;INTERNET EXPLORER CONTROLS (INTERNET EXPLORER / HTML HELP)
;ACC LIBRARY (MSAA)
;HTM (WINHTTPREQUEST), HTM (HTMLFILE)
;MS EXCEL, MS WORD
==================================================
;LINKS (DOCUMENTATION)
A list of key object-related links:
Size of htm in KB on the left (based on decompiled chm file v1.1.24.04).
[summary of functions]
https://autohotkey.com/docs/AHKL_Features.htm
https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/index.htm
[contain 'Obj' in file name][or in 'objects' folder]
[or pages with similar titles/related pages]
5 https://autohotkey.com/docs/misc/Arrays.htm
14 https://autohotkey.com/docs/objects/Object.htm
47 https://autohotkey.com/docs/Objects.htm
10 https://autohotkey.com/docs/objects/File.htm
7 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/FileOpen.htm
1 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/Func.htm
4 https://autohotkey.com/docs/objects/Func.htm
5 https://autohotkey.com/docs/objects/Functor.htm
2 https://autohotkey.com/docs/objects/Enumerator.htm
7 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjActive.htm
3 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjArray.htm
5 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjConnect.htm
1 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjCreate.htm
1 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjError.htm
2 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjFlags.htm
2 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjGet.htm
4 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjQuery.htm
4 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjType.htm
1 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjValue.htm
1 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/IsObject.htm
2 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ObjAddRef.htm
0 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ObjBindMethod.htm
[Catch,Finally,For,Try]
2 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/Catch.htm
3 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/Finally.htm
6 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/For.htm
4 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/Try.htm
[Throw]
3 https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/Throw.htm
==================================================
;LINKS (CASE SENSITIVE/CASE INSENSITIVE ARRAYS)
case sensitive/case insensitive arrays (maintain key order, no key autosort) - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=29198&p=137384#p137384
[case sensitive, alphabetical order array]
Object
https://autohotkey.com/docs/objects/Object.htm
[case insensitive, creation order array]
[AHK_L] For Loop in order of key-value pair creation - Ask for Help - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/61792-ahk-l-for-loop-in-order-of-key-value-pair-creation/?p=389662
[case sensitive, alphabetical order array]
?
[case sensitive, creation order array]
Case sensitive variables possible? - Ask for Help - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/61829-case-sensitive-variables-possible/
How make Associative array keys case sensitive - Ask for Help - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/61840-how-make-associative-array-keys-case-sensitive/
==================================================
;LINKS (FURTHER)
COM Object Reference [AutoHotkey v1.1+] - Scripts and Functions - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/56987-com-object-reference-autohotkey-v11/
COM Object Reference - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=77
[share an object between 2 scripts]
ObjRegisterActive - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=6148
[hotkeys with function object][Hotkey, If, % FunctionObject]
log hotkeys, get extended hotkey info, interact with the *right* window (Hotkey command with FunctionObject example) - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=29560
[identify the object type][code to replicate the AHK v2 'Type' function in AHK v1]
AutoHotkey-Future/Type.ahk at master · cocobelgica/AutoHotkey-Future · GitHub
https://github.com/cocobelgica/AutoHotkey-Future/blob/master/Lib/Type.ahk
type(v) for v1.1 - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=2306
==================================================
;FUNCTIONS/COMMANDS
appear explicitly in the index: https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/index.htm
Object() https://autohotkey.com/docs/Objects.htm ... ive_Arrays
Array() https://autohotkey.com/docs/Objects.htm#Usage
ComObjActive() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjActive.htm
ComObjArray() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjArray.htm
ComObjConnect() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjConnect.htm
ComObjCreate() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjCreate.htm
ComObjEnwrap() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjActive.htm
ComObjUnwrap() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjActive.htm
ComObjError() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjError.htm
ComObjFlags() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjFlags.htm
ComObjGet() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjGet.htm
ComObjMissing() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjActive.htm
ComObjParameter() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjActive.htm
ComObjQuery() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjQuery.htm
ComObjType() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjType.htm
ComObjValue() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjValue.htm
FileOpen() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/FileOpen.htm
Func() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/Func.htm
IsObject() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/IsObject.htm
don't appear explicitly in the index:
ComObject() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjActive.htm
ObjAddRef() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ObjAddRef.htm
ObjBindMethod() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ObjBindMethod.htm
ObjRawSet() https://autohotkey.com/docs/objects/Object.htm
ObjRelease() https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ObjAddRef.htm
also appear in index: (Catch,Finally,For,Try) (Throw)
note: deprecated: ComObjEnwrap,ComObjMissing,ComObjParameter,ComObjUnwrap
note: ComObj() does not appear anywhere in the documentation
==================================================
;FUNCTIONS/COMMANDS (MORE)
methods (equivalent functions):
Object
https://autohotkey.com/docs/objects/Object.htm
Each method also has an equivalent function, which can be used to bypass any custom behaviour implemented by the object
(IsFunc in AHK v1.1.24.05 confirms these as functions:)
(none of these appear explicitly in the index: https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/index.htm)
ObjInsertAt / ObjRemoveAt
ObjPush / ObjPop
ObjDelete
ObjMinIndex / ObjMaxIndex / ObjLength
ObjSetCapacity / ObjGetCapacity
ObjGetAddress
ObjNewEnum
ObjHasKey
ObjClone
(ObjRawSet)
ObjInsert
ObjRemove
note: custom function:
ComVar() [see: https://autohotkey.com/docs/commands/ComObjActive.htm]
==================================================
;COMMANDS/FUNCTIONS (NOTES)
functions/variables involving arrays (not necessarily a complete list):
A_Args [AHK v2] [this looks like the other 'A_' variables, but is an array]
StrSplit
WinGetControls [AHK v2]
WinGetControlsHWND [AHK v2]
WinGetList [AHK v2]
ComObjMissing:
m := ComObjMissing() ;AHK v1
m := ComObject(0xA, 0x80020004) ;AHK v1/v2
from:
conversion logic, v1 = -> v1 := -> v2, two-way compatibility - Page 3 - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=27069&p=131336#p131336
functions that will be removed in AHK v2:
v2-changes
https://autohotkey.com/v2/v2-changes.htm
•ComObjMissing() (write two consecutive commas instead)
•ComObjUnwrap() (use ComObjValue() instead, and ObjAddRef() if needed)
•ComObjEnwrap() (use ComObject() instead, and ObjAddRef() if needed)
•ComObjXXX() where XXX is anything other than one of the explicitly defined ComObj functions (use ComObjActive() or ComObject() instead).
•ComObjParameter() -> ComObject()
==================================================
;INTERFACES
iTypeInfo - Get info from TypeAttr Struct - Enum Com Members - Ask for Help - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/71038-itypeinfo-get-info-from-typeattr-struct-enum-com-members/#entry450288
ComObj iTypInfo (jethrow, Lexikos, SKAN, Maul-Esel...) - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=15194
COM interface tutorial
https://maul-esel.github.io/tutorials/COM-Interfaces.html
[advanced] Using raw COM interfaces in AHK - Tutorials - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/81077-advanced-using-raw-com-interfaces-in-ahk/
;==================================================
;COM.AHK
COM.ahk, best version? - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=29969&p=140512
==================================================
[to come]
;AHK FILE OBJECT
==================================================
[to come]
;EXPLORER / EXPLORER WINDOWS
[get file properties via object e.g. length (duration), image dimensions]
[uses ComObjCreate("Shell.Application") and GetDetailsOf]
FileGetProperties - Ask for Help - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/63697-filegetproperties/
==================================================
[to come]
;INTERNET EXPLORER CONTROLS (INTERNET EXPLORER / HTML HELP)
Basic Webpage Controls with JavaScript / COM - Tutorial - Tutorials - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/47052-basic-webpage-controls-with-javascript-com-tutorial/
==================================================
[to come]
;AHK OBJECTS/ARRAYS/CUSTOM CLASSES
__Get / __Set / __Call only take place for a key that does not yet exist
__Set:
consequences of a 'return' line being present:
if not present: 'key := value' takes place
if present: 'key := place' does not take place, you can either not set the key at all, or you can set the key manually, (however if you try to set the key in the normal way you will trigger __Set and get an infinite loop, so to bypass this, use ObjRawSet)
[get ref count][get reference count]
vCountRef := NumGet(&obj + A_PtrSize)
[get key count]
For a normal AHK array to get its key count:
vCount := NumGet(&oArray + 4*A_PtrSize)
from:
ObjCount() or ObjLength() or ObjLen() - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=3950&p=21579#p21578
[custom classes]
Classes in AHK, Basic tutorial. - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=7&p=141395#p141395
[check if array contains string]
if Var in MatchList not working with array - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=30150
Checks if a value exists in an array - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=23286
More Simple Array Commands - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=7619
AHK_L - Contains/HasValue Method - Suggestions - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/84006-ahk-l-containshasvalue-method/
[search/compare/edit arrays]
More Simple Array Commands - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=7619
Array/object wishlist (count, printarr, contains, other). - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=7101
==================================================
[to come]
;SCRIPTING.DICTIONARY OBJECT
COM Object Reference [AutoHotkey v1.1+] - Scripts and Functions - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/56987-com-object-reference-autohotkey-v11/#entry357748
==================================================
[to come]
;ACC LIBRARY (MSAA)
Acc library (MSAA) and AccViewer download links - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?t=26201
==================================================
[to come]
;FURTHER: HTM (WINHTTPREQUEST), HTM (HTMLFILE), IMAGES (WIA), MS EXCEL, MS WORD
[function: Excel_Get]
[Excel_Get and 'Word_Get']
[get access to a specific Excel/Word window for use as an object]
excel and com? - Ask for Help - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/73940-excel-and-com/#entry469769
[for MS Excel and MS Word]
MS Office COM Interface Constants - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=1672
MS Office COM Basics - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=8978
[check if MS Office constants are defined]
Translate from VBA to COM? - AutoHotkey Community
https://autohotkey.com/boards/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=31267&p=145866#p145866
==================================================
jeeswg's objects tutorial
jeeswg's objects tutorial
Last edited by jeeswg on 14 May 2017, 21:44, edited 2 times in total.
Re: jeeswg's objects tutorial (not yet complete)
Code: [Select all] [Expand] [Download] GeSHi © Codebox Plus
;==================================================
;BASICS (CREATE/DELETE OBJECTS, GET/SET A KEY'S VALUE)
;OBJECT() V. ARRAY()
;KEY NAMES (NUMERIC V. STRING)
;FUNCTIONALITY OF OBJECT()
;REFER TO KEYS
;LOOPING THROUGH AN OBJECT'S KEYS AND VALUES
;A KEY CAN HAVE A VALUE OR CHILD KEYS, BUT NOT BOTH
;==================================================
;BASICS (CREATE/DELETE OBJECTS, GET/SET A KEY'S VALUE)
;create an array/object
obj := []
obj := Array()
obj := {}
obj := Object()
;create an array/object (these 4 lines are equivalent)
obj := ["value1", "value2", "value3"]
obj := Array("value1", "value2", "value3")
obj := {1:"value1", 2:"value2", 3:"value3"}
obj := Object(1, "value1", 2, "value2", 3, "value3")
;refer to a key
MsgBox, % obj.1
MsgBox, % obj[1] ;same as above
Loop, 3
MsgBox, % obj[A_Index]
;delete an object
obj := ""
;==================================================
;OBJECT() V. ARRAY()
;Differentiating Between Array and Object - Ask for Help - AutoHotkey Community
;https://autohotkey.com/board/topic/95303-differentiating-between-array-and-object/
;Objects and arrays are exactly the same thing in AutoHotkey, there is no difference. [a, b, c] is just syntax sugar for {1: a, 2: b, 3: c}.
;==================================================
;KEY NAMES (NUMERIC V. STRING)
;get key's value - where key name looks numeric
obj := {}
obj[1] := "value1" ;key where '1' is numeric
obj["1"] := "value2" ;key where '1' is string
MsgBox, % obj[1] " " obj["1"] ;value1 value2
MsgBox, % obj.1 ;value1
obj := {}
obj["1"] := "value2"
MsgBox, % obj.1 ;blank
;get key's value - where key name doesn't look numeric
obj := {}
var := "varcontents"
obj[var] := "value1"
MsgBox, % obj[var] ;value1
MsgBox, % obj.varcontents ;value1
MsgBox, % obj["varcontents"] ;value1
obj := {}
obj["a"] := "value1"
MsgBox, % obj.a ;value1
MsgBox, % obj["a"] ;value1
;define objects - where key name looks numeric
obj := {1:"value1", 2:"value2", 3:"value3"}
MsgBox, % obj.1 ;value1
obj := {"1":"value1", "2":"value2", "3":"value3"}
MsgBox, % obj.1 ;blank
obj := Object(1, "value1", 2, "value2", 3, "value3")
MsgBox, % obj.1 ;value1
obj := Object("1", "value1", "2", "value2", "3", "value3")
MsgBox, % obj.1 ;blank
obj := {0xF:"value15"}
MsgBox, % obj.0xF ;value15
MsgBox, % obj.15 ;value15
;define objects - where key name doesn't look numeric
obj := {a:"value1", b:"value2", c:"value3"}
MsgBox, % obj.a ;value1
obj := {"a":"value1", "b":"value2", "c":"value3"}
MsgBox, % obj.a ;value1
var := "varcontents"
obj := Object(var, "value1")
MsgBox, % obj.varcontents ;value1
obj := Object("a", "value1", "b", "value2", "c", "value3")
MsgBox, % obj.a ;value1
;==================================================
;FUNCTIONALITY OF OBJECT()
obj := Object("key1", "value1", "key2", "value2", "key3", "value3")
address := Object(obj)
obj := Object(address)
;==================================================
;REFER TO KEYS
obj1 := {}
obj2 := {}
obj1.a := "A" ;this works
obj2["a"] := "A" ;this works
MsgBox, % obj1.a ;A
MsgBox, % obj2.a ;A
obj1.b.c := "BC" ;this does not work
obj2["b", "c"] := "BC" ;this works
MsgBox, % obj1.b.c ;blank
MsgBox, % obj2.b.c ;BC
obj1 := obj2 := ""
obj := {}
obj["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"] := "ABCDE"
MsgBox, % obj.a.b.c.d.e ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj.a.b["c"].d.e ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj["a"].b["c"].d["e"] ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj["a", "b"].c["d", "e"] ;ABCDE
var := "c"
MsgBox, % obj.a.b[var].d.e ;ABCDE
obj := {}
obj["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"] := "ABCDE"
MsgBox, % obj.a.b.c.d.e ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj.a.b["c"].d.e ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj["a", "b"].c["d", "e"] ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj["a"].b["c"].d["e"] ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj.a["b"].c["d"].e ;ABCDE
obj := {}
obj["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"] := "ABCDE"
obj2 := ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]
obj3 := ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
obj4 := ["b", "c", "d", "e"]
obj5 := ["b", "c", "d"]
MsgBox, % obj[obj2*] ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj[obj3*, "e"] ;blank
MsgBox, % obj[obj3*]["e"] ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj["a", obj4*] ;ABCDE
MsgBox, % obj["a", obj5*, "e"] ;blank
MsgBox, % obj["a", obj5*]["e"] ;ABCDE
;Functions
;https://autohotkey.com/docs/Functions.htm#VariadicCall
;Only the right-most parameter can be expanded this way. For example, Func(x, y*) is supported but Func(x*, y) is not.
;==================================================
;LOOPING THROUGH AN OBJECT'S KEYS AND VALUES
oObj := {a:"A",b:"B",c:"C"}
;generally this is how I would loop through an object:
for vKey, vValue in oObj
vOutput .= vKey " " vValue "`r`n"
;if values are not needed:
for vKey in oObj
vOutput .= vKey "`r`n"
;if keys are not needed (where '_' is a variable):
for _, vValue in oObj
vOutput .= vValue "`r`n"
;I would not do this (where 'each' is a variable):
for each, vValue in oObj
vOutput .= vValue "`r`n"
MsgBox, % vOutput
;if the object has numeric keys only, you could use the word 'index' instead of 'key', but I'd stick with 'key' always
vOutput := ""
oObj := ["A","B","C"]
;oObj := {1:"A",2:"B",3:"C"} ;equivalent
for vIndex, vValue in oObj
vOutput .= vIndex " " vValue "`r`n"
MsgBox, % vOutput
oObj := ""
;==================================================
;A KEY CAN HAVE A VALUE OR CHILD KEYS, BUT NOT BOTH
;an object's key can have a value or it can have child keys but not both
obj := {}
obj["a"] := "A"
MsgBox, % obj.a
obj["a", "b"] := "AB"
MsgBox, % obj.a.b ;blank ;obj.a is a value so cannot have subkeys
obj["a"] := "" ;if we clear obj.a it can now be used as an object with child keys
obj["a", "b"] := "AB"
MsgBox, % obj.a.b ;AB
obj := {}
obj["a", "b", "c"] := "ABC"
MsgBox, % obj.a.b.c ;ABC
obj["a", "b", "c", "d"] := "ABCD"
MsgBox, % obj.a.b.c.d ;blank
obj.a.b.Delete("c")
obj["a", "b", "c", "d"] := "ABCD"
MsgBox, % obj.a.b.c.d ;ABCD
;==================================================
==================================================
INTERFACES: GET METHOD LIST
COM interface tutorial
https://maul-esel.github.io/tutorials/COM-Interfaces.html
E.g. to get the method list for IColumnManager or IFolderView2:
IColumnManager interface (Windows)
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb776149(v=vs.85).aspx
IFolderView2 interface (Windows)
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb775541(v=vs.85).aspx
- install Visual Studio (perhaps 7GB required) (or obtain the .h (header) files separately)
- go to: C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1
- search .h files for the interface name (e.g. IColumnManager) and/or a method (e.g. GetColumnCount)
- e.g. it found one file: C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\Include\um\ShObjIdl.h
- search within that file for: struct IColumnManager
- e.g. it found: typedef struct IColumnManagerVtbl
- get the lines containing method names (e.g. I grabbed lines containing: STDMETHODCALLTYPE)
0 HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE *QueryInterface )(
1 ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE *AddRef )(
2 ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE *Release )(
3 HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE *SetColumnInfo )(
4 HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE *GetColumnInfo )(
5 HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE *GetColumnCount )(
6 HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE *GetColumns )(
7 HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE *SetColumns )(
E.g. for the nth method (0-based index), you use n*A_PtrSize e.g.:
DllCall(NumGet(NumGet(icm+0)+5*A_PtrSize), Ptr,icm, UInt,vFlags, UIntP,vCountCol) ;GetColumnCount
Note: the first parameter is a pointer to the interface, in this case IColumnManager, which is not mentioned in the link below:
IColumnManager::GetColumnCount method (Windows)
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd378404(v=vs.85).aspx
Last edited by jeeswg on 24 Jun 2017, 10:12, edited 4 times in total.
Re: jeeswg's objects tutorial (not yet complete)
Hi jeeswg. I think there is a lot of good stuff here, both in terms of links and the example of usage/syntax in the second post. Thanks for making the effort. 
Cheers.
Spoiler
Cheers.
Re: jeeswg's objects tutorial (not yet complete)
Helgef wrote::offtopic:
Tip on forum formatting, for links, you can specify the url inside the square brackets, eg,[url=http...]link text[/url]. It would remove some noise. I'm sure you write a script for correcting it
Also, instead of[ header text ]maybe use bold[b]or[size=150]tags. There is also[hr]for making horisontal lines, saves you the=...=.
Yes! I appreciate the content presented by jeeswg, but the formatting makes it confusing an unpleasant to read. Please don't be offended.
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